A DPP-4 inhibitor (Ki = 0.003 µM); selective for DPP-4 over DPP-2, DPP-8, and DPP-9 (Kis = >500, 0.81, and 0.095 µM, respectively); decreases plasma glucose levels and increases plasma insulin levels during an oral glucose challenge in Zucker fa/fa rats at 3 mg/kg; prevents increases in liver triglyceride and TBARS levels in a mouse model of NAFLD induced by a high-cholesterol diet